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由于人类活动导致近地面大气臭氧(O3)浓度升高，对中国粮食生产造成严重威胁。目前，大量研究集中在作物地上部分，对O3胁迫下的稻田土壤微量元素有效性的了解甚少。为此，本试验利用开顶气室(Open Top Chambers, OTC)试验平台，设置对照和模拟O3浓度升高(+40 nmol·mol-1 O3)两种处理，研究大气O3浓度升高对两个水稻品种(汕优63 vs武育粳3)土壤微量元素(Fe、Mn、Cu、Zn)有效态含量的影响。研究结果表明大气O3浓度升高造成土壤微量元素有效态含量普遍下降，其中土壤微量元素Fe有效态含量随着大气O3浓度升高平均降低35.0%,土壤微量元素Cu有效态含量平均降低9.7%。水稻品种改变了土壤微量元素有效性对大气O3浓度增高的响应。与汕优63相比，武育粳3显著降低土壤Mn、Cu有效态含量，但提高土壤Zn有效态含量。在大气O3浓度升高条件下，汕优63土壤微量元素Fe、Cu、Zn有效态含量分别降低35.2%、12.5%、37.2%;武育粳3土壤只有Fe有效态含量显著降低34.7%。通过两个水稻品种土壤微量元素有效态含量的比较，本研究结果显示汕优63土壤微量元素受大气O3浓度增高的影响幅度更大。另外，大气O3浓度升高显著降低两个水稻品种的土壤可溶性有机碳(DOC)、可溶性有机氮(DON)以及汕优63土壤微生物生物量氮(MBN)含量。通过相关分析表明，土壤DOC、DON含量与土壤微量元素Fe、Cu之间存在显著的正相关关系。以上结果表明，大气O3浓度升高主要通过土壤可溶性有机物和微生物量影响土壤微量元素有效态含量。选育不同水稻品种在缓解大气O3浓度升高对土壤微量元素有效态含量的不利影响方面具有重要作用。因此，未来选育O3耐受型水稻品种可能是改善土壤微量元素供给的有效途径之一，以此减缓并应对全球气候变化对粮食生产安全的不利影响。
Abstract：The ozone(O3) concentration has risen near the surface because of the human activities, which has seriously threatened food production in China. However, few studies have focused on the impacts of elevated O3 on micronutrient availability in paddy soil. Therefore, an open-top chamber(OTC) experiment was conducted to investigate the impacts of elevated O3(+40 nmol·mol-1 O3) on microelements(Fe, Mn, Cu, Zn) availability in the paddy soils of two rice varieties(Shanyou 63 vs Wuyujing 3). The results revealed that elevated O3 significantly reduced the most of the microelement availability in the paddy soil. Elevated O3 decreased the availability of Fe and Cu by 35.0%and 9.7% when averaged across two varieties, respectively. Rice varieties significantly altered the response in microelement availability to elevated O3. Compared with Shanyou 63, elevated O3 significantly reduced availability of Mn and Cu, and increased the availability of Zn in the paddy soil of Wuyujing 3. Elevated O3 reduced respectively the availability of Cu and Zn by 12.5%, 37.2% in Shanyou 63, but not in Wuyujing 3. These results indicated that the impact of elevated O3 on microelement availability was more sensitive in Shanyou 63 than in Wuyujing 3. In addition, elevated O3 significantly decreased the contents of soil dissolved organic carbon(DOC), soil dissolved organic nitrogen(DON) for both varieties, and soil microbial biomass nitrogen(MBN) in Shanyou 63. The correlation analysis showed that there was a significant positive correlation between soil DOC, DON and the availability of Fe, Cu. The findings of this study suggested that elevated O3 primarily affects the microelement availability through dissolved organic matter and soil microbial biomass. This study demonstrated that breeding diverse rice varieties plays an important role in alleviating the adverse impacts of elevated O3 on the soil microelements availability. Therefore, breeding O3 tolerant rice may become a valuable pathway to mitigate adverse impacts of elevated O3 through improving soil micronutrient supply in response to climate change in the future.
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基本信息:
DOI：10.19687/j.cnki.1673-7105.2022.04.002
中图分类号:S153.6;X515
引用信息:
[1]谭云燕,张国友,邵亚军,等.开顶式同化室O_3浓度升高对水稻土微量元素有效性的影响[J].亚热带资源与环境学报,2022,17(04):9-15.DOI:10.19687/j.cnki.1673-7105.2022.04.002.
基金信息:
国家自然科学基金项目(31901165、42077209)
2022-12-15
2022-12-15